Blake, welcome to Watercooled. The MKIII is a great place to start. If you haven't spent any time there yet,
www.vwvortex.com will be a great place for information. The search feature is not the greatest in their new software, but if you are willing to wade through a ton of BS, there is some great info.
The car you are driving has an ABA motor. 8v, 2.0L, with about 115 HP stock. Going faster is not difficult, but maintenance is key. A good place to start looking is here
http://faculty.ccp.edu/faculty/dreed/Campingart/jettatech/index.htm. Dan is considered something close to a god on VWVortex for MKIIIs.
If you have a manual trans, it is an O2O, and engraved on the bottom of the bellhousing is a 3 letter code that will give you a reference for gearing. There is a guy in Columbus, OH that is the o2o transmission guru, at
www.brokevw.com.
For A chip, the ECU is under the black plastic raintray cover at the base of the windshield. Just need to take off the passenger side cover. A good place to look for a new Naturally Aspirated chip is
techtonicstuning.com. They go for around $100. You can find used ones as well.
Turbos are easy on these cars. There are a couple kits out there, or you can build a junkyard kit for about $1000-$1500 or less VWVortex forced induction classifieds are great for finding the stuff you need for that. Victor, one of the local guys might have a FI chip he'd get rid of for cheap. It is pre-'95, so it is OBDI, with a forged crank and rods, and oil squirters that squirt oil at the bottoms of the pistons. Great setup for FI.
The 16v stuff around here is mostly me. I did a 16v head swap off a 9a. It is not a difficult swap, but it is pretty intensive. There is a huge thread in the VWVortex hybrid/swap technical forum about it. If this is a direction you are considering, read it, but be warned that it doesn't all apply to running the ABA/16v swap in a MKIII. A lot of the early posts were about putting an ABA/16v swap in a MKII.
Daily driving a Turbo is no a real issue. a couple of us around here do already. I daily a 16v hybrid, supercharged ABA on about 13psi. Victor dailys a 95 Cabriolet on about 15psi.
I'm sure there's plenty more, but I have to run. feel free to ask questions, I'll be happy to answer what I can.
VR6 swaps are fairly straightforwar
d. You need the motor, tranny, subframe, harness, shift box, pedal cluster, and dash cluster. They all bolt in. though there is much to gain in a VR6 swap, the MKIII came VR6, so it is likely more cost effective to buy a VR jetta.